ABSTRACT
Abstract Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. However, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. So, a greenhouse study was carried out with Bidens pilosa and Plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. Plant growth, macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. P. lanceolata plants cultivated in the Inceptisol showed the highest copper concentrations in the shoots (142 mg kg–1), roots (964 mg kg–1) and entire plants (1,106 mg kg–1). High levels of copper were phytoaccumulated from the Inceptisol by B. pilosa and P. lanceolata with 3,500 and 2,200 g ha–1 respectively. Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata plants showed characteristics of high copper hyperaccumulator. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation.
Resumo Plantas nativas crescem naturalmente e vigorosamente em solos contaminados com cobre. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de fitorremediação de duas plantas nativas, naturalmente encontradas em dois solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, e em rejeito de mineração de cobre. Foram avaliados os teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos das plantas, e o potencial de fitorremediação. Assim, um estudo em casa de vegetação foi realizado com plantas de Bidens pilosa e Plantago lanceolata, com amostras de dois solos de vitivinicultura (Neossolos e Cambissolos) contaminados com cobre, e com rejeito de mineração de cobre. O crescimento das plantas, teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos, índice de tolerância (TI), fator de translocação (TF), taxa de extração do metal (MER), fator de bioacumulação (BCF), número efetivo dos plantas da parte aérea (PENs) e número efetivo de plantas inteiras (PENt) foram analisados. Ambas as espécies cultivadas em solos vitivinicultura mostraram elevada produção de fitomassa e os TI. P. lanceolata cultivadas no Neossolo mostraram as concentrações de cobre mais elevados na parte aérea (142 mg kg–1), nas raízes (964 mg kg–1) e nas plantas inteiras (1.106 mg kg–1). Altos níveis de cobre foram fitoacumulados pelas plantas B. pilosa e P. lanceolata com 3.500 e 2.200 g ha–1, respectivamente, quando cultivadas em Neossolo. Ambas as espécies apresentaram características hiperacumuladoras de cobre. Os resultados mostraram que estas espécies desempenham um papel importante na fitoacumulação de cobre naturalmente em ambos os solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, sendo importantes para a fitorremediação.
Subject(s)
Bidens/metabolism , Copper/metabolism , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Plantago/metabolism , Soil Pollutants/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Brazil , Bidens/drug effects , Bidens/growth & development , Plantago/drug effects , Plantago/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Objective: The purprose of this study is to present the team experience and the method efficacy in transnasal endoscopic approach of medial orbital blow out fracture using septum graft. Method: This approach was used in 14 patients with an isolated medial orbital wall fracture between June 2005 and June 2006. A computed tomographic scan was taken before and after surgery. The ocular motility and enophthalmos were checked before and after surgery. The endoscopic transnasal approach provided the appropriete surgical exposure in all cases. Patients were followed up for a mean of 8,2 months (range, 5-14 months) after repairing the orbital wall fracture. Hertel exophthalmometry was performed in all patients. Results: Hertel exophthalmometry showed that among 14 patients: 13 patients showed no enophthalmos. The enophthalmos ranged from 0.5-1 mm in 12 patients and 1.5 mm enphthalmos was noted in 2 patients. A clinically significant enophthalmos =2mm was not found postoperatively. Preoperatively, 2 (15%) patients had a diplopia in the primary position of the gaze and 12 (75%) patients had a diplopia within 30º of the gaze. Postoperatively, all patients had an orthotropia in the primary position but 1(7%) patient had a residual diplopia. Conclusion: The transnasal endoscopic approach using septal graft provides a minimally invasive, effective, and cosmetically pleasing surgical approach for managing an isolated medial wall fracture.